Efficacy of HPV Vaccination in Women Receiving LEEP for Cervical Dysplasia: A Single Institution’s Experience

Background: To assess the role of a Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) in reducing recurrent cervical dysplasia. Methods: A series of 503 women with cervical dysplasia received LEEP between January 2012 and October 2018. Of these patients, 379 were treated between January 2012 and June 2017, thus ensuring an adequate follow-up time. We made three attempts to establish telephone contact with each patient; 77 women did not respond and were excluded from the final study population, which consisted of 302 patients.　Results: One hundred and eighty-two (60.7%) women were vaccinated with an HPV vaccines within 4 weeks of LEEP, and 103 (34.3%) were followed up with but not vaccinated. Recurrence of cervical dysplasia requiring a further LEEP procedure occurred in 30 (10.5%) women, of whom 17 (16.5%) were not vaccinated and 13 (7.1%) were vaccinated (p-value = 0.010). At univariate analysis, HPV vaccination after LEEP (odds ratio (OR) = 0.4, p-value = 0.020) emerged as an independent protective factor. Choosing as an outcome of the analysis only recurrence as severe cervical lesions, the protective role of HPV vaccination after LEEP was found to be much more relevant with an odds ratio of 0.2 (95% CI = 0.1–0.6, p-value = 0.02). Conclusions: Administration of an HPV vaccine after LEEP seems to reduce the risk of recurrence, thus suggesting that HPV vaccination has a role as an adjuvant treatment after LEEP.