Home range patterns of male fallow deer Dama dama in a sub-mediterranean habitat

From 1996 to 2000 the home ranges of 14 male fallow deer Dama dama (Linnaeus, 1758) were studied in the San Rossore Preserve (Italy) using radio-telemetry. Mean size of annual home ranges was 588.9 +/- 278.9 ha, calculated by MCP, and 337.5 +/- 178.9 ha, using Kernel method, and was larger than that reported in published literature to date. The size of the seasonal home range estimated with the MCP method was 90.6 +/- 129.1 ha during spring, 73.7 +/- 67.9 ha in summer, 465.0 +/- 230.6 ha in fall, and 65.6 +/- 60.6 ha in winter. The Kernel method gave 84.7 +/- 140.2 ha in spring, 61.3 +/- 64.6 ha in summer, 306.0 +/- 170.5 ha in fall, and 46.5 +/- 44.0 ha during winter. The seasonal analysis suggested that bucks tended to occupy the same particular area from winter to summer, which was related to rich trophic resources, even despite of anthropic disturbance. During autumn, males reached the rutting site (a lek) that was 4 km distant from the areas occupied during the other three seasons. The lekking behaviour was the main factor influencing home range size