Serosurvey for selected pathogens in Iberian roe deer

Background: The roe deer is the most abundant and widespread wild Eurasian cervid. Its populations are
expanding and increasingly in contact with livestock. This may affect the distribution of infectious diseases shared
with other wild and domestic ungulates.
Methods: We investigated the antibody seroprevalence against Pestivirus, Herpesvirus, Bluetongue (BT) virus,
M. avium paratuberculosis (MAP), and Brucella sp. in 519 roe deer from different regions in Spain, south-western
Europe.
Results: No antibodies were detected against BT and Brucella sp. However, antibodies were detected against
Pestivirus (1.5%), Herpesvirus (0.2%) and MAP (9.2%). MAP antibodies were detected in seven of the eight
populations (range 5-16.4%).
Conclusions: The detection of MAP antibodies in samples from most roe deer populations suggests that contact
with MAP is widespread in this wildlife species. The highest prevalence was detected in sites with abundant dairy
cattle and frequent use of liquid manure on pastures. Considering the results obtained regarding exposure to
different pathogens, we suggest that antibody prevalences in this non-gregarious browser are largely determined
by environmental factors, potentially modulating vector populations or pathogen survival in the environment.