Kill or cure: Misuse of chelation therapy for human diseases

Chelation therapy is a consolidated medical procedure used primarily to reduce the toxic effects of metal ions on human tissues. Its application spans a broad spectrum of disorders, ranging from acute metal intoxication to genetic metal-overload. The use of chelating agents is compromised by a number of serious side effects, mainly attributable to perturbed equilibrium of essential metal ion homeostasis and dislocation of complexed metal ions to dangerous body sites. For this reason, chelation therapy has been limited to specific critical and otherwise untreatable conditions and needs to be monitored within an appropriate clinical context. The aim of this review is to discuss how this "false chelation therapy" developed and in which diseases it is currently applied.