Italian glaucoma virtual clinics: Developing a consensus for remote patient management

Purpose: To establish expert consensus on guidelines for implementing glaucoma virtual clinics in Italy, focusing on patient suitability, essential clinical assessments and staffing requirements. Methods: A modified Delphi method was used to achieve consensus among selected Italian glaucoma specialists. The steering group developed a structured questionnaire with 66 items across key areas: Patient Categories, Clinical Assessments, Roles and Staffing and Guidelines for glaucoma virtual clinic implementation. A panel of experts reviewed and rated each item across multiple rounds to reach consensus. Results: Out of 19 invited glaucoma specialists, 16 and 11 participated in rounds 1 and 2, respectively. Consensus was achieved on 57.6% of the questions, identifying specific patient profiles suitable for glaucoma virtual clinics, essential diagnostic tests and required roles in a virtual setting. Experts agreed on the importance of standardized assessments and the necessity of support staff such as orthoptists and ophthalmic assistants in the glaucoma virtual clinic structure. Conclusion: This Delphi panel provides guidance for implementing glaucoma virtual clinics in Italy, establishing guidelines on patient selection, required assessments and staffing needs. Tailored glaucoma virtual clinics can enhance glaucoma care accessibility, streamline workflows and address the growing demand from healthcare systems.