Ex vivo gene therapy using autologous dermal fibroblasts expressing hLMP3 for rat mandibular bone regeneration

Background. Implantation of autologous skin fibroblasts transduced ex vivo with a replication-defective adenoviral vector, carrying the LIM mineralization protein-3 (Ad-LMP-3), and adsorbed on a hydroxyapatite/collagen (HA/ COL) scaffold. Methods. Twenty-seven Wistar rats were used. A 5- × 5-mm full-thickness defect was created in the exposed mandible. All animals were randomized into 3 experimental groups: (1) autologous dermal fibroblasts transduced with Ad-LMP-3 and adsorbed on the HA/COL; (2) nontransduced dermal fibroblasts adsorbed on the HA/COL scaffold; and (3) HA/COL scaffold without cells. Three-dimensional micro-CT (3DmicroCT or 3DμCT) and histological analysis were performed. Results. Efficient neoosteogenesis was observed in animals treated with LMP-3-expressing cells (group 1) as soon as 4 weeks after surgery. Conversely, nonsignificant bone formation was detected in control animals (groups 2 and 3) at all time points tested. Conclusion. These results suggest that the experimental approach based on transplantation of genetically modified autologous cells could provide an alternative treatment for craniomaxillo-facial defects. Nonetheless, additional data from the study on larger bone defects must follow to foresee a clinical application in the near future. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.