The Yin and Yang of myelodysplastic syndromes and autoimmunity: The paradox of autoimmune disorders responding to therapies specific for MDS

The biological milieu and clinical picture of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is characterised by a variety of immune mechanisms and manifestations, including an increased frequency of autoimmune disorders. The present review will try to shed some light on the potential clinical and pathogenetic implications of these immune processes in MDS by focusing on the beneficial effects exerted by some MDS-modifying therapies on autoimmune manifestations.