Vanadium(IV,V) complexes of D-saccharic and mucic acids in aqueous solution

The vanadium(IV,V) complexes formed with two aldaric acids (D-saccharic or D-glucaric acid, and mucic or galactaric acid) in aqueous solution were characterised by employing pH-potentiometry, EPR, multinuclear NMR and UV-VIS spectroscopy. The stoichiometry and stability constants of the complexes formed were determined at 25 degreesC and ionic strength I = 0.2 mol dm(-3) (KCl). The spectral measurements revealed that vanadium(IV,V) coordinates first at the terminal COO- functions, forming mononuclear complexes. At pH > 3, through the metal ion-induced deprotonation and coordination of the neighbouring alcoholic functions, (COO-, O-) coordinated dinuclear complexes are formed, which predominate in the pH range 4-8. In the basic pH range, the ligand molecules are displaced and binary metal hydroxo and oxo complexes are present. EPR measurements at room temperature and at 140 K proved that formation of the VO(IV) dimers is more enhanced at room temperature, but at 140 K their dissociation is favoured. An interesting pH-dependent cis-trans isomeric equilibrium was assumed and analysed by EPR and molecular modelling in the case of the complexes [(VO)(2)L(2)Hx] (x = -2 and -4). Joint evaluation of the pH-potentiometric and V-51 NMR measurements revealed that both aldaric acids are able to bind an excess of vanadium(V), through the formation of oligomeric 2 : 1 and 3 : 2 species, besides the 2 : 2 species formed with VO(IV).