The Double Life of microRNAs in Bone Sarcomas: Oncogenic Drivers and Tumor Suppressors

Bone sarcomas, including Osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, and Chondrosarcoma, are rare yet aggressive tumors with high metastatic potential and poor survival outcomes. Despite advances in surgical and chemotherapeutic techniques, these malignancies remain difficult to treat. They often exhibit resistance to conventional therapies and are associated with a limited prognosis for patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as pivotal regulators of cancer biology, orchestrating crucial processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. Their double life as oncogenes or tumor suppressors underscores their significance in the pathogenesis of bone sarcomas. This review examines the multifaceted roles of miRNAs in these malignancies. By elucidating the complex networks affected by miRNA dysregulation, we seek to identify novel avenues for miRNA-based interventions. It is the intention of this work to stimulate future research and clinical strategies that exploit the potential of miRNAs to transform the management and outcomes of bone sarcomas.