Robotic Management of Bladder Stones in Children

Despite bladder stones (BS) represent approximately 1% to 5% of all urinary tract stones in children, they are responsible for about 10–20% of all hospital admissions for pediatric stones of urinary tract. As for their symptomatology, BS may cause lower urinary tract symptoms, infections, pain, and hematuria. They can be classified as primary, secondary, and migratory. Primary or endemic BS, typically seen in children, occur in the absence of other urinary tract pathologies, in areas with poor hydration and recurrent diarrhea. In secondary BS, other urinary tract abnormalities are present, such as neurogenic bladder dysfunction, chronic bacteriuria, and foreign bodies including catheters, bladder diverticula, or urinary diversion. Migratory BS form in the upper urinary tract. In this chapter we reported the technique of management of BS using robotic surgery.