Risk factors for oral mucositis in paediatric oncology patients receiving alkylant chemotherapy

Background: We describe the risk indicators for oral mucositis (OM) in paediatric oncology
patients hospitalised in the Institut Gustave Roussy (Villejuif-Paris) and treated with alkylant
chemotherapy with autologous peripheral blood progenitor cells.
Methods: The sample was selected using PIGAS software. Three groups of subjects received
different chemotherapy regimens: A. Melphalan, B. Busulfan and C. other alkylant protocols. The
degree of mucositis was recorded by CTC version 2.0 (Common Toxicity Criteria). Descriptive
statistics were performed. The association between mucositis and risk indicator variables was
tested using a χ2test. The association between case status and covariates was tested using
unconditional logistic regression analysis.
Results: Of the 337 children enrolled, 241 showed mucositis (group 1) and 96 did not show
mucositis (group 2) during alkylant chemotherapy. There was a higher prevalence of male patients
in both groups. The three different chemotherapy regimen groups are correlated with the
appearance of oral mucositis (χ2= 22.42, p < 0.01). Weight loss was higher in group 1 (χ2= 6.31,
p = 0.01). The duration of aplasia was lower in the Busulfan protocol (7.5 days) than in the
Melphalan group (9.3 days) or the other regimens (8.6 days). The use of Bufulfan®was directly
associated with case status (presence of oral mucositis): odds ratio [OR] = 2.1 and confidence
interval [95%CI] = 1.3–3.0. Also, occurrences of germinal tumours and secondary bacterial
infections were directly linked with case status: [OR] = 1.4 and 1.8, confidence interval [95%CI] =
1.2 – 1.7 and 1.1 – 2.5, respectively.
Conclusion: The presence of OM was associated with the three different chemotherapy regimens
considered; in particularly patients treated with Busulfan had the highest prevalence.