Non-monotonic variation of the grain size in Cu nanopowders subjected to ball milling

Ball milling (BM) a Cu nanopowder resulted in an increase of the average grain size from 8 to 52 nm, followed by a gradual decrease to 19 nm. In contrast, the grain size of coarse-grained Cu decreased monotonically from 290 nm to 19 nm. Fitting a model to the kinetic curves indicates that the two processes have similar activated volumes during collisions. It also reveals that particles over 100 nm are formed when nanoparticles are compressed during a collision for the first time.