Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Diagnosis of an Unusual Cause of Periodic Epistaxis: A Case Report

Epistaxis is a common cause of consultation in otolaryngology, manifesting either as isolated episodes or recurrent events. In this paper, we report the history of an 8-year-old African male who presented with periodic epistaxis temporally associated with joint inflammation. The diagnostic work-up, supported by artificial intelligence-based clinical decision support, led to the diagnosis of rheumatic fever. This case describes a very rare etiology of periodic epistaxis and demonstrates the potential usefulness of artificial intelligence as an adjunctive clinical tool. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of rheumatic fever presenting with periodic epistaxis in the pediatric population.