The high burden of pediatric cystic echinococcosis in Kazakhstan: epidemiological and clinical consequences

Background Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is attributable to Echinococcus granulosus metacestodes. Ultrasound examinations enable a stage-specific approach to CE management. However, this approach is not often applied in endemic areas, which include Kazakhstan.Methods We collected clinical and ultrasound data on CE pediatric patients seen at a national referral surgical center in Almaty, Kazakhstan, during 2015-2020.Results We included 49 patients, and 79 cysts that were all surgically treated. All but one patient carried active cysts (CE1-CE3 stages). Twenty-six (53.2%) did not receive albendazole postsurgery. Children with CE1 and CE3a cysts underwent surgery, while the use of albendazole and percutaneous drainage were advised upon by experts.Conclusions A stage-specific approach to CE management in Kazakhstan is urgent, especially in the pediatric population. The rate of active cysts suggests continuing transmission of CE.