Pinofuranoxins A and B, Bioactive Trisubstituted Furanones Produced by the Invasive PathogenDiplodia sapinea

Two new bioactive trisubstituted furanones, named pinofuranoxins A and B ( 1 and 2 ), were isolated fromDiplodia sapinea, a worldwide conifer pathogen causing severe disease. Pinofuranoxins A and B were characterized essentially by NMR and HRESIMS spectra, and their relative and absolute configurations were assigned by NOESY experiments and computational analyses of electronic circular dichroism spectra. They induced necrotic lesions onHedera helixL.,Phaseolus vulgarisL., andQuercus ilexL. Compound 1 completely inhibited the growth ofAthelia rolfsiiandPhytophthora cambivora, while 2 showed antioomycetes activity againstP. cambivora. In theArtemia salinaassay both toxins showed activity inducing larval mortality.